Model United Nations Rules

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Model United Nations is an academic simulation of the United Nations in which students represent countries, organizations, or individuals and debate global issues. Delegates act as diplomats, researching their assigned positions and working collaboratively to draft resolutions, negotiate alliances, and propose solutions to international problems. The goal of MUN is not only to reach agreements, but also to develop skills in research, diplomacy, public speaking, critical thinking, and cooperation.

 Before the conference, each delegate is assigned a country and a committee. Delegates are expected to research their country’s foreign policy, political stance, alliances, and interests related to the committee agenda. Preparation typically includes writing a Position Paper, which outlines the country’s perspective on the agenda topics, past actions taken, and proposed solutions. Strong preparation is essential, as delegates are expected to speak and negotiate in line with their country’s real-world policies. 

Each committee is moderated by a Chair Board, consisting of a Chair and possibly a Co-Chair or Moderator. The Chair Board is responsible for enforcing the rules of procedure, managing debate, recognizing speakers, and maintaining order. Delegates must follow the Chair’s instructions at all times. Committees operate under formal parliamentary procedure, ensuring structured and fair debate.

Debate in MUN is divided into formal debate and informal debate (caucuses).

• Formal Debate:
  Delegates speak one at a time from the speakers’ list. Speeches are time-limited, and delegates must address the committee respectfully and in the third person (e.g., “The delegate of France believes…”).
   
• Moderated Caucus:
  A structured discussion focused on a specific subtopic, with shorter speaking times and rapid exchange of ideas.
   
• Unmoderated Caucus:
  An informal session where delegates move freely around the room to negotiate, form blocs, and draft resolutions together.
   

Motions are used to move between debate formats, and all motions must be approved by the Chair and voted on by the committee when required.

A resolution is a formal document that presents solutions to the issues being discussed. Resolutions are written collaboratively by multiple countries (sponsors) and supported by additional delegates (signatories). A resolution typically includes:

• Preambulatory clauses explaining the background and justification
   
• Operative clauses outlining concrete actions and solutions
   

Resolutions must follow official MUN formatting and language rules. Once submitted and approved by the Chair Board, resolutions are debated, amended if necessary, and then voted on.

At the end of debate, the committee moves into voting procedure. During this phase, no further debate is allowed. Delegates vote on amendments and resolutions according to committee rules. Depending on the committee, voting may require a simple majority or a qualified majority. Abstentions may or may not be allowed, depending on the topic and committee type.

All delegates are expected to maintain professionalism, respect, and diplomacy throughout the conference. Personal attacks, offensive language, or disruptive behavior are not tolerated. Delegates must remain in character as their assigned country at all times. The purpose of MUN is constructive dialogue, cooperation, and mutual respect.

By participating in MUN, delegates gain experience in public speaking, negotiation, leadership, teamwork, and policy analysis. MUN encourages students to think globally, understand diverse perspectives, and approach international issues with responsibility and empathy.